Robert Peel twice served as Prime Minister: Peel, the the eldest son and third of eleven children of Robert Peel the first Baronet and Ellen Yates, was born on 5 February at Chamber Hall near Bury in Lancashire.

Originally the Peels were Lancashire weavers and farmers but had moved into textile manufacture and made their fortune. Peel was educated at home until he was ten years old, by the Rev. James Hargreaves; when the family moved to Drayton Manor in he went to a small school in Tamworth. Between and Peel attended Harrow and then was admitted as a gentleman-commoner to Christ Church Oxford where he was awarded a double First in Classics and Mathematics and Physics in In he was awarded his MA.

He entered Lincoln's Inn in and began to work towards a career in Law; however, his father bought him the seat of Cashel in Co. Tipperary on the influence of the Duke of Wellingtonand Peel began a parliamentary career that lasted until his death in Peel made his forty-minute long maiden speech on 23 January in which he seconded the reply to the King's speech at the opening of parliament; for his efforts, he was applauded by those who heard him speak.

Since Peel was a Tory by nature and persuasion he supported Portland 's government. In June he was appointed as Under-Secretary for War and the Colonies in Spencer Perceval 's ministry; in this post he worked with Lord Liverpool.

Other members of Perceval's Cabinet included Lord SidmouthCastlereagh and the Duke of Portland. All these men influenced Peel's political thinking. When Liverpool formed a new ministry after Perceval was assassinated in MayPeel was appointed to one of the most difficult offices in government — that of Chief Secretary for Ireland.

He also became a Privy Counsellor. He took up his post in Dublin in September and held the office untilserving under three viceroys: Peel had three main duties as Chief Secretary:. Ina debate on Catholic Emancipation took place in the House of Commons in which Peel spoke against it, making a name for himself in the country.

As a result of this, he was elected in June as MP for Oxford University on the resignation of Charles Abbot. ByPeel was exhausted from his work in Ireland which demanded not only that he conducted affairs in Dublin but also attended the House of Commons to answer parliamentary questions on Ireland. This involved a lengthy journey by sea and road at frequent intervals. He decided to resign in August and for four years held no office. He married Julia Floyd in and the couple had five sons and two daughters.

Lady Peel was always supportive of her husband but was neither interested in politics nor was she a society hostess. In Peel became chairman of the Parliamentary Committee of Enquiry into the return to the gold standard: Peel was convinced that the system of paper currency that had been introduced by Pitt in had resulted in a depreciated currency. In May he introduced legislation for a return to the gold standard on 1 May In Peel accepted the position of Home Secretary in Liverpool's cabinet reshuffle; he began to look into the state of criminal law almost immediately.

The technique that Peel used throughout his time in office was that of summoning experts in the area on which he was working, so that he always appeared before the House of Commons with an extensive knowledge of his subject.

He repealed, either wholly or partially, more than statutes that he deemed to be outdated. Canning thought that Peel was 'the most efficient home secretary that this country ever saw'.

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In March Peel proposed that a House of Commons Select Committee under his chairmanship should be set up to investigate the policing of London. However, in June the committee reported that an effective system of policing could not be reconciled with a free society: Peel was not convinced of this and continued to work towards the establishment of a civilian police force: In MarchSir Francis Burdett's Bill for Catholic Emancipation was introduced into the House of Commons.

Despite Peel's opposition it went though the processes of law and Peel offered to resign, seeing his position as untenable. However, the Bill failed in the Lords so Peel continued in post. This action did mark him out as a supporter of Anglicanismhowever, and made his dealings with Catholics more difficult in the future.

From about until the domestic economy had seen an upturn but in a further trade depression and industrial slump resulted in widespread distress and discontent.

As editing jobs from home sydney hours were reduced and wages were cut by the manufacturers in efforts to save themselves from bankruptcy, unemployment increased causing a series of riots and a stock market crash china wave that swept the country.

Because there was no civilian police force to deal with the situation, Peel used the army to quash the unrest. In March Lord Liverpool resigned following a stroke that left him incapacitated, and the post of PM was offered to Canning. Peel refused to serve under Canning because of their diametrically opposing views on Catholic Emancipation.

Seven other members of Liverpool's Cabinet — the Duke of Wellington, Westmorland, Bexley, Melville, Eldon and Bathurst — also ways to get money on nintendogs and cats their posts, leaving Canning with a curtailed choice of ministers.

Consequently he turned to the Whigs for some stockton ca pitbull puppies for sale his Cabinet. Peel remained out of office until the Duke of Wellington became PM in Januarywhen he took up the post of Home Secretary once more and also became Leader of the House of Commons. In February Peel proposed the establishment of a Committee of Enquiry into the state of the police and the increase in crime in London' the committee recommended the setting up of a police force for London — except the City of Put option intrinsic value formula — under the control of the Home Secretary.

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The following year the Metropolitan Police Act was passed, and by September the 'Bobbies' or 'Peelers' were on the streets. They were not always successful, certainly they were not popular, but the force proved to be the foundation of the modern police force in Britain. Much of the remainder of Wellington's ministry was absorbed in dealing with concessions to the religious minorities in the nation by repealing the Test and Corporation Acts and passing the Catholic Emancipation Stock market line graphs In FebruaryPeel resigned his seat for Oxford and called an election there.

He was defeated, but another seat was found for him after the 'resignation' of another MP. A couplet that became the catch-phrase of the anti-Peelites was published in the Birmingham Argos:. Oh Member for Oxford, you shuffle and wheel You have changed your name from R Peel to Repeal. In May Peel inherited the baronetcy on the death of his father and had become MP for the family borough of Tamworth; by November he was out of office when the Whigs took power following the anti-reform stance of Wellington.

By this time the Tories had split into the Ultras and the moderates: Peel headed this group although he refused to lead it; there is little doubt that the single most important person in the House of Commons from about until was Sir Robert Peel. He did not hold office between andapart from the 'Hundred Days" that began in December following the dismissal of Melbourne 's ministry by the king who then invited Wellington to form a ministry. The Duke declined but suggested Peel as PM. Trade n save stockport was on holiday in Italy but eventually was tracked down on 25 November; he returned and took up the post of both PM and Chancellor of the Exchequer on 9 Trade n save stockport Having accepted a post that paid a salary he was obliged to stand for re-election and took the opportunity to send out the Tamworth Manifesto to his voters as a means of reaching the electorate at large in preparation for the general election that was held in January Although Peel did gain some seats for his party, he was still in a minority and lost a series of votes partly because of earning extra money during maternity leave Lichfield House Compactand agreement between the Whigs and Irish MPs.

On 8 April he resigned. Some of his measures later were carried into law by the Whigs: However, despite the setbacks, Peel attracted men of talent into the Conservative party. Sir James Graham and Edward Stanley joined him from the Whigs; Gladstone and Disraeli were Conservatives together although they were rivals and opponents later in their lives when Gladstone became a Liberal.

By there were over men in Peel's opposition party. Many of the pieces of Whig legislation in the period had Peel's backing and it is difficult to see how they could have been passed without his support. They included the Poor Law Amendment Act Municipal Corporations Act Jamaica Act Queen Victoria comes to the throne On the accession of Queen Victoria there had to be a general election, which was won by Lord Melbourne; however, his support in parliament declined and on 7 May he resigned following a very close vote on the suspension of the constitution in Jamaica.

Victoria asked Peel to form a ministry but precipitated the Bedchamber Crisis when she refused to give up her Whig ladies in waiting. Peel refused to take office under those circumstances, and Melbourne resumed office but continued to lose support until he resigned in June leaving Peel to take the post of PM and Chancellor of the Exchequer following a Conservative victory at the general election.

The ministry included seven men who either had been or would become PMs in their own right: Peel, Wellington, RiponStanley, AberdeenGladstone and Disraeli. Following the repeal of the Corn Laws, Peel resigned and did not hold office again. He fell from his horse on Constitution Hill on 29 June ; the horse stumbled on top of him and Peel died from his injuries on 2 July He was buried in St.

Peter's church at Drayton Bassett. The Life of Sir Robert Peel to The Life of Sir Robert Peel after Sir Robert Peel Marjie Bloy Ph. Chief Secretary for Ireland When Liverpool formed a new ministry after Perceval was assassinated in MayPeel was appointed to one of the most difficult offices in government — that of Chief Secretary for Ireland.

Peel had three main duties as Chief Secretary: He attempted not to distinguish between Catholics and Protestants in appointments that were open to both; he opposed the practice of selling public offices and of dismissing civil servants for political action. Peel wanted to rule by the existing law, but disorders in June were so bad that he revived partially the repealed Insurrection Act of There were those in parliament who favoured Catholic Emancipation: They included most of the Whigs and a few Tories led by Canning and Wellesley.

Vansittart and Castlereagh, who were Cabinet members favoured Catholic Emancipation, as did Vesey Fitzgerald, the Irish chancellor of the Exchequer, and Charles Kendal Bushe, the Solicitor-General.

Peel opposed all Catholic claims for emancipation and, for his trouble, was nicknamed 'Orange Peel' by Daniel O'Connell in May Their enmity was so great that the pair agreed to go to Ostend fight a duel in Augustbut it never took place since O'Connell was arrested as soon as he arrived in London.

Peel and the Gold Standard In Peel became chairman of the Parliamentary Committee of Enquiry into the return to the gold standard: Peel as Home Secretary In Peel accepted the position of Home Secretary in Liverpool's cabinet reshuffle; he began to look into the state of criminal law almost immediately.

Drayton Manor now demolishedthe home of Sir Robert Peel Much of the remainder of Wellington's ministry was absorbed in dealing with concessions to the religious minorities in the nation by repealing the Test and Corporation Acts and passing the Catholic Emancipation Act A couplet that became the catch-phrase of the anti-Peelites was published in the Birmingham Argos: Oh Member for Oxford, you shuffle and wheel You have changed your name from R Peel to Repeal In May Peel inherited the baronetcy on the death of his father and had become MP for the family borough of Tamworth; by November he was out of office when the Whigs took power following the anti-reform stance of Wellington.

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Peel's second ministry saw a range of economic reforms including the implementation of income tax as a five-year temporary measure a series of Railway Acts a rationalisation and reduction or abolition in duties on goods the Bank Charter Act repeal of the Corn Laws following the start of the Irish potato famine Following the repeal of the Corn Laws, Peel resigned and did not hold office again. Peter's church, Drayton Bassett, where Sir Robert Peel is buried.

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