Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand and maritime borders with SingaporeVietnamand Indonesia. East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam.

The capital city is Kuala Lumpurwhile Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. With a population of over 30 million, Malaysia is the 44th most populous country. The southernmost point of continental EurasiaTanjung Piaiis in Malaysia. Located in the tropicsMalaysia is one of 17 megadiverse countries on earth, with large numbers of endemic species. Malaysia has its origins in the Malay kingdoms present in the area which, from the 18th century, became subject to the British Empire.

The first British territories were known as the Straits Settlementswhose establishment was followed by the Malay kingdoms becoming British protectorates. The territories on Peninsular Malaysia were first unified as the Malayan Union in Malaya was restructured as the Federation of Malaya inand achieved independence on 31 August Malaya united with North BorneoSarawakand Singapore on 16 September to become Malaysia. Less than two years later inSingapore was expelled from the federation.

The country is multi-ethnic and multi-culturalwhich plays a large role in politics. About half the population is ethnically Malaywith large minorities of Malaysian ChineseMalaysian Indiansand indigenous peoples. The constitution grants freedom of religion and makes Malaysia an officially secular state, while establishing Islam as the "religion of the Federation".

The government system is closely modelled on the Westminster parliamentary system and the legal system is based on common law. The head of state is the king, known as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. He is an elected monarch chosen from the hereditary rulers of the nine Malay states every five years. The head of government is the prime minister. Since its independence, Malaysia has had one of the best economic records in Asia, with its GDP growing at an average of 6.

The economy has traditionally been fuelled by its natural resources, but is expanding in the sectors of science, tourism, commerce and medical tourism. Today, Malaysia has a newly industrialised market economyranked third largest in Southeast Asia and 29th largest in the world. It is a founding member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nationsthe East Asia Summit and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperationand a member of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperationthe Commonwealth of Nationsand the Non-Aligned Movement.

This term was applied to describe the strong current of the river Melayu in Sumatra. Before the onset of European colonisation, the Malay Peninsula was known natively as " Tanah Melayu " "Malay Land". Dumont d'Urville described Malaysia as "an area commonly known as the East Indies". The state that gained independence from the United Kingdom in took the name the " Federation of Malaya ", chosen in preference to other potential names such as " Langkasuka ", after the historic kingdom located at the upper section of the Malay Peninsula in the first millennium CE.

Their presence resulted in strong Indian and Chinese influences on the local cultures, and the people of the Malay Peninsula adopted the religions of Hinduism and Buddhism. Sanskrit inscriptions appear as early as the fourth or fifth century. By the 13th and the 14th century, the Majapahit empire had successfully wrested control over most of the peninsula and the Malay Archipelago from Srivijaya.

Melaka was an important commercial centre during this time, attracting trade from around the region. InMelaka was conquered by Portugal[38] after which it was taken by the Dutch in Inthe British Empire established a presence in Malaya, when the Sultan of Kedah leased Penang Island to the British East India Company.

The British obtained the town of Singapore in[39] and in took control of Melaka following the Anglo-Dutch Treaty. Bythe British directly controlled Penang, Melaka, Singapore, and the island of Labuanwhich they established as the crown colony of the Straits Settlements. By the 20th century, the states of PahangSelangorPerakand Negeri Sembilanknown together as the Federated Malay Stateshad British residents appointed to advise the Malay rulers, to whom the rulers were bound to defer to by treaty.

Development on the peninsula and Borneo were generally separate until the 19th century. Under British rule the immigration of Chinese and Indians to serve as labourers was encouraged. In the Second World War, the Japanese Army invaded and occupied MalayaNorth Borneo, Sarawakand Singapore for over three years. During this time, ethnic tensions were raised and nationalism grew. The Malayan Union, established inand consisting of all the British possessions in the Malay Peninsula with the exception of Singaporewas quickly dissolved and replaced on 1 February by the Federation of Malayawhich restored the autonomy of the rulers of the Malay states under British protection.

The Malayan Emergency lasted from toand involved a long anti-insurgency campaign by Commonwealth troops in Malaya. The date of federation was planned to be 31 August so as to coincide with the anniversary of Malayan independence; however, federation was delayed until 16 September in order for a United Nations survey of support for federation in Sabah and Sarawak, called for by parties opposed to federation including Indonesia 's Sukarno and the Sarawak United Peoples' Partyto be completed.

Federation brought heightened tensions including a conflict with Indonesia as well continuous conflicts against the Communists in Borneo and the Malayan Peninsula which escalates to the Sarawak Communist Insurgency and Second Malayan Emergency together with several other issues such as the cross border attacks into North Borneo by Moro pirates from the southern islands of the Philippines, Singapore being expelled from the Federation in[51] [52] and racial strife.

This strife culminated in the 13 May race riots in The economy shifted from being agriculturally based to one based on manufacturing and industry. Numerous mega-projects were completed, such as the Petronas Towersthe North-South Expresswaythe Multimedia Super Corridorand the new federal administrative capital of Putrajaya.

Malaysia is a federal constitutional elective monarchyand the only federation in Southeast Asia. The system of government is closely modelled on that of the Westminster parliamentary system, a legacy of British colonial rule.

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The King is elected to a five-year term by and from among the nine hereditary rulers of the Malay states ; the other four states, which have titular Governorsdo not participate in the selection. By informal agreement the position is systematically rotated among the nine, [56] and has been held by Muhammad V of Kelantan since December Legislative power is divided between federal and state legislatures.

The bicameral federal parliament consists of the lower housethe House of Representatives and the upper housethe Senate. All 70 senators sit for three-year terms; 26 are elected by the 13 state assemblies, and the remaining 44 are appointed by the King upon the Prime Minister's recommendation. Since independence Malaysia has been governed by a party coalition known as the Barisan Nasional. Each state has a unicameral State Legislative Assembly whose members are elected from single-member constituencies.

State governments are led by Chief Ministers[38] who are state assembly members from the majority party in the assembly. In each of the states with a hereditary ruler, the Chief Minister is normally required to be a Malayappointed by the ruler upon the recommendation of the Prime Minister. Voting is not mandatory. Executive power is vested in the Cabinetled by the Prime Minister.

The prime minister must be a member of the house of representatives, who in the opinion of the King, commands a majority in parliament. The cabinet is chosen from members of both houses of Parliament. Malaysia's legal system is based on English Common Law. Malaysia also has a special court to hear cases brought by or against royalty. Homosexuality is illegal in Malaysia. Race is a significant force in politics, and many political parties are ethnically based.

However, it has generated greater interethnic resentment. Malaysia is a federation of 13 states and three federal territories. Each state is divided into districtswhich are then divided into mukim. In Sabah and Sarawak districts are grouped into divisions. Governance of the states is divided between the federal and the state governments, with different powers reserved for each, and the Federal government has direct administration of the federal territories.

The 13 states are based on historical Malay kingdoms, and 9 of the 11 Peninsular states, known as the Malay statesretain their royal families. The King is elected by and from the nine rulers to serve a five-year term.

Each state has a unicameral legislature known as the State Legislative Assemblyand its own written constitution. A founding member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASEAN [91] and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation OIC[92] the country participates in many international organisations such as the United Nations[93] the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation[94] the Developing 8 Countries[95] and the Non-Aligned Movement NAM.

Malaysia's foreign policy is officially based on the principle of neutrality and maintaining peaceful relations with all countries, regardless of their political system. Historically the government has tried to portray Malaysia as a progressive Islamic nation [99] while strengthening relations with other Islamic states.

The Spratly Islands are disputed by many states in the area, and a large portion of the South China Sea is claimed by China. Unlike its neighbours of Vietnam and the PhilippinesMalaysia historically avoided conflicts with China.

Malaysia has never recognised Israel and has no diplomatic ties with it, [] and has called for the International Criminal Court to take action against Israel over their Gaza flotilla raid. The Malaysian Armed Forces have three branches, the Royal Malaysian Navythe Malaysian Armyand the Royal Malaysian Air Force. There is no conscription, and the required age for voluntary military service is The military uses 1. The Five Power Defence Arrangements is a regional security initiative which has been in place for almost 40 years.

It involves joint military exercises held among Malaysia, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. Due to this, Malaysia began to increase its border security. It has land borders with Thailand in West Malaysia, and Indonesia and Brunei in East Malaysia. The country also has maritime boundaries with Vietnam [] and the Philippines.

Malaysia is the only country with territory on both the Asian mainland and the Malay archipelago. The two parts of Malaysia, separated from each other by the South China Seashare a largely similar landscape in that both Peninsular and East Malaysia feature coastal plains rising to hills and mountains.

Much of it has been eroded, creating a karst landscape. Mount Kinabalu is located in the Kinabalu National Parkwhich is protected as one of the four UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Malaysia.

Sarawak contains the Mulu Caves, the largest cave system in the world, in the Gunung Mulu National Park which is also a World Heritage Site. Around these two halves of Malaysia are numerous islandsthe largest of which is Banggi. Local climates can be divided into three regions, highland, lowland, and coastal.

Climate change is likely to affect sea levels and rainfall, increasing flood risks and leading to droughts. Malaysia signed the Rio Convention on Biological Diversity on 12 Juneand became a party to the convention on 24 June A high number of endemic bird species are also found in Malaysian Borneo.

Nearly 4, species of fungi, including lichen-forming species have been recorded from Malaysia. Of the two fungal groups with the largest number of species in Malaysia, the Ascomycota and their asexual states have been surveyed in some habitats decaying wood, marine and freshwater ecosystems, as parasites of some plants, and as agents of biodegradationbut have not been or have been only poorly surveyed in other habitats as endobionts, in soils, on dung, as human and animal pathogens ; the Basidiomycota are only partly surveyed: Without doubt, many more fungal species in Malaysia have not yet been recorded, and it is likely that many of those, when found, will be new to science.

At higher altitudes, oaks, chestnuts, and rhododendrons replace dipterocarps. Loggingalong with cultivation practices has devastated tree cover, causing severe environmental degradation in the country. The Malaysian government aims to balance economic growth with environmental protection, but has been accused of favouring big business over the environment.

Malaysia is a relatively open state-oriented and newly industrialised market economy. Malaysia has had one of the best economic records in Asia, with GDP growing an average 6. Informer Prime Minister of Malaysia, Mahathir Mohamad outlined his ideal in Visionin which Malaysia would become a self-sufficient industrialised nation by Najib Razak has said Malaysia could attain developed country status much earlier from the actual target inadding the country has two program concept such as Government Transformation Programme and the Economic Transformation Programme.

The report also says "The electronic equipment, petroleum, and liquefied natural gas producer will see a substantial increase in income per capita. Malaysian life expectancy, relatively high level of schooling, and above average fertility rate will help in its rapid expansion".

In the s, the predominantly mining and agricultural-based economy began a transition towards a more multi-sector economy.

Since the s, the industrial sector, with a high level of investment, has led the country's growth. The Chinese make up about one-quarter of the population, but accounts for 70 per cent of the country's market capitalisation.

International trade, facilitated by the shipping route in adjacent Strait of Malaccaand manufacturing are the key sectors. Manufacturing has a large influence in the country's economy, [] although Malaysia's economic structure has been moving away from it. In an effort to diversify the economy and make it less dependent on export goods, the government has pushed to increase tourism to Malaysia.

As a result, tourism has become Malaysia's third largest source of foreign exchange, although it is threatened by the negative effects of the growing industrial economy, with large amounts of air and water pollution along with deforestation affecting tourism. The state of the airline, which had been unprofitable for 3 years, prompted the government in August to nationalise the airline by buying up the 30 per cent it did not already own. This in part was the result of the Malaysia My Second Home programme to allow foreigners to live in the country on a long-stay visa for up to 10 years.

Warm climate with British colonial background made foreigners easy to interact with the locals. The country has developed into a centre of Islamic bankingand is the country with the highest numbers of female workers in that industry.

The privatisation has created defence industry, which in was brought under the Malaysia Defence Industry Council. The government continues to promote this sector and its competitiveness, actively marketing the defence industry. The country is one of the world's largest exporters of semiconductor devices, electrical devices, and IT and communication products.

The overall infrastructure of Malaysia is one of the most developed in Asia [] and ranked 8th in Asia and 25th in the world.

There are industrial parks along with specialised parks such as Technology Park Malaysia and Kulim Hi-Tech Park. During the colonial period, development was mainly concentrated in economically powerful cities and in areas forming security concerns. Although rural areas have been the focus of great development, they still lag behind areas such as the West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Malaysia's energy infrastructure sector is largely how many days between two dates java by Tenaga Nasionalthe largest electric utility company in Southeast Asiawith over RM InMalaysia's total power generation capacity was over 29, megawatts.

Total electricity generation wasMost of the federal roads in Malaysia are 2-lane roads. In town areas, federal roads may become 4-lane roads to increase traffic capacity.

Nearly all federal roads are paved with tarmac except parts of the Skudai—Pontian Highway which is paved with concretewhile parts of the Federal Highway linking Klang to Kuala Lumpur, is paved with asphalt. Rail transport in Malaysia comprises heavy rail KTMlight rapid transit and monorail Rapid Railand a funicular railway line Penang Hill Railway. Heavy rail is mostly used for intercity passenger and freight transport as well as some urban public transport, while LRTs are used for intra-city urban public transport.

There two commuter rail services linking Kuala Lumpur with the Kuala Lumpur International Airport. The sole monorail line in the country is also used for public transport in Kuala Lumpurwhile the only funicular railway line is in Penang. A rapid transit project, the KVMRTis currently under construction to improve Kuala Lumpur 's public transport system. The railway network covers most of the 11 states in Peninsular Malaysia. In East Malaysia, standard chartered bank share price the state of Sabah has railways.

If the Burma Railway is rebuilt, services to Myanmar, India, and China could be initiated. Malaysia has airports, of which 38 are paved. The national airline is Malaysia Airlinesproviding international and domestic air services.

Major international routes and domestic routes crossing between West Malaysia and East Malaysia are served by Malaysia AirlinesAirAsia and Malindo Air while smaller domestic routes are supplemented by smaller airlines like MASwingsForex market opening times and Berjaya Air. Major cargo airlines include MASkargo and Transmile Air Services.

Kuala Lumpur International Airport is the main and busiest airport of Malaysia. Init was the world's 13th busiest airport by international passenger trafficrecording over It was also the world's 20th busiest airport by passenger trafficrecording over Other major airports include Kota Kinabalu International Airportwhich is also Malaysia's second busiest airport and busiest airport in East Malaysia with over 6.

Malaysia is strategically located on the Strait of Malaccaone of the most important shipping lanes in the world.

Malaysia has two ports that are listed in the top 20 busiest ports in the world, Port Klang and Port of Tanjung Pelepaswhich are respectively the 2nd and 3rd busiest ports in Southeast Asia after the Port of Singapore.

Port Klang is Malaysia's busiest port, and the 13th busiest port in the world inhandling over Port of Tanjung Pelepas is Malaysia's second busiest port, and the 19th busiest port in the world inhandling over 7. According to the Malaysian Department of Statisticsthe country's population was 28, in[5] making it the 42nd most populated country. According to a estimate, the population is increasing by 1.

People within the 15—64 age group constitute Inwhen the first official census stock broker sales assistant resume recorded in Malaysia, the population was 8. They play a dominant role rsi indicator strategy pdf. Non-Malay bumiputera make up more than half of Sarawak's population and over two thirds of Sabah's population.

Other minorities lack bumiputera status. Immigrants from India, the majority of them Tamilsbegan arriving in Malaysia early in the 19th century. Dual citizenship is not permitted. Every citizen is issued a biometric smart chip identity card known as MyKad at the age of 12, and must carry the card at all times.

The education system features a non-compulsory kindergarten education followed by six years of compulsory primary education, and five years of optional secondary education. In the final year of secondary education, students sit for the Malaysian Certificate of Education examination. However, in the matriculation system, only 10 per cent of places are open to non- bumiputera students.

The infant mortality rate in was 6 deaths per births, and life expectancy at birth in was 75 years. Of this population, approximately 79, are from Burma, 72, from the Philippines, and 17, from Indonesia. Malaysian officials are reported to have turned deportees directly over to human smugglers inand Malaysia employs RELAa volunteer militia with a history of controversies, to enforce its immigration law.

Kuala Lumpur George Town. The Malaysian constitution strictly defines what makes a "Malay", considering Malays those who are Muslim, speak Malay malaysia airline stock market, practise Malay customs, and lived in or have ancestors from BruneiMalaysia and Singapore. The majority of the Indian population follow Hinduism Christianity is the predominant religion of the non-Malay bumiputera community Muslims are obliged to follow the decisions of Syariah courts in matters concerning their religion.

The Islamic judges are expected to follow the Shafi'i legal school of Islam, which is the main madh'hab of Malaysia. No other criminal or civil offences are under the jurisdiction of the Shariah courts, which have a similar hierarchy to the Civil Courts. Despite being the supreme courts of the land, the Civil Courts do not hear matters related to Islamic practices.

The official and national language of Malaysia is Malaysian[2] a standardised form of the Malay language. English remains an active second languagewith its use allowed for some official purposes under the National Language Act of Malaysian English is widely used in business, along with Manglishwhich is forex rand us dollar colloquial form of English with heavy MalayChinese, and Tamil influences.

The government discourages the use of non-standard Malay but has no power to issue compounds or fines to those who use improper Malay on their advertisements. Many other languages are used in Malaysia, which contains speakers of living languages. Iban is the main tribal language in Sarawak while Dusunic and Kadazan languages are spoken by the natives in Sabah. The more common Chinese varieties in the country are CantoneseMandarinHokkienHakkaHainaneseand Fuzhou.

Tamil is used predominantly by Tamils, who form a majority of Malaysian Indians. Other South Asian languages are also widely spoken in Malaysia, as well as Thai.

Malaysia has a multi-ethnic, multicultural, and multilingual society. The original culture of the area stemmed from indigenous tribes that inhabited it, along with the Malays who later moved there. Substantial influence exists from Chinese and Indian culture, dating back to when foreign trade began. Other cultural influences include the PersianArabicand British cultures.

Due to the structure of the government, coupled with the social contract theory, there has been minimal cultural assimilation of ethnic minorities. Inthe government created a "National Cultural Policy", defining Malaysian culture. It stated that Malaysian culture must be based on the culture of the indigenous peoples of Malaysia, that it may incorporate suitable elements from other cultures, and that Islam must play a part in it. Both Chinese and Indian associations have submitted memorandums to the government, accusing it of formulating an undemocratic culture policy.

Some cultural disputes exist between Malaysia and neighbouring countries, notably Indonesia. The two countries have a similar cultural heritage, sharing many traditions and items. However, disputes have arisen over things ranging from culinary dishes to Malaysia's national anthem.

Strong feelings exist in Indonesia about protecting their national heritage. Traditional Malaysian art was mainly centred on the areas of carving, weaving, and silversmithing. Common artworks included ornamental krisbeetle nut sets, and woven batik and songket fabrics. Indigenous East Malaysians are known for their wooden masks. However, Malay art does show some North Indian influence due to the historical influence of India. Traditional Malay music and performing arts appear to stock market game simulator originated in the Kelantan - Pattani region with influences from IndiaChina, Thailand and Indonesia.

The music is based around percussion instruments, [] the most important of which is the gendang drum. There are at least 14 types of a stock index call option is exercised. the writer must drums. Malaysia has a strong oral tradition that has existed since before the arrival of writing, and continues today.

Each of the Malay Sultanates created their own literary tradition, influenced by pre-existing oral stories and by the stories that came with Islam. The earliest known Malay writing is on the Terengganu stonemade in Literature written in Malay was called "the national literature of Malaysia", literature in other bumiputera languages was called "regional literature", while literature in other languages was called "sectional literature".

The Hikayat form is popular, and the pantun has spread from Malay to other languages. Malaysia's cuisine reflects the multi-ethnic makeup of its population.

Much of the influence comes from the Malay, Chinese, Indian, Thai, Javanese, and Sumatran cultures, [] largely due to the country being part of the ancient spice route. Sometimes food not found in its original culture is assimilated into another; for example, Chinese restaurants in Malaysia often serve Malay dishes.

Chili is commonly found in local cuisine, although this does not necessarily make them spicy. Malaysia's main newspapers are owned by the government and political parties in the ruling coalition, [] [] although some major opposition parties also have their own, which are openly sold alongside regular newspapers.

A divide exists between the media in the two halves of the country. Peninsular-based media gives low priority to news from the East, and often treats the eastern states as colonies of the Peninsula.

Freedom of the press is limited, with numerous restrictions on publishing rights and information dissemination. Malaysians observe a number of holidays and festivities throughout the year. Some are federally gazetted public holidays and some are observed by individual states. Other festivals are observed by particular ethnic or religion groups, and the main holiday of each major group has been declared a public holiday. The most observed national holiday is Hari Merdeka Independence Day on 31 August, commemorating the independence of the Federation of Malaya in Muslim holidays are prominent as Islam is the state religion; Hari Raya Puasa also called Hari Raya AidilfitriMalay for Eid al-FitrHari Raya Haji also called Hari Raya AidiladhaMalay for Eid ul-AdhaMaulidur Rasul birthday of how to make money with clickbank without website Prophetand others being observed.

Hindus in Malaysia celebrate Deepavalithe festival of lights, [] while Thaipusam is a religious rite which sees pilgrims from all over the country converge at the Batu Caves. East Malaysians also celebrate a harvest festival known as Gawai[] and another one known as Kaamatan. In a custom known as "open house" Malaysians participate in the celebrations of others, often visiting the houses of those who identify with the festival. Popular sports in Malaysia include association footballbadmintonfield hockeybowlstennissquashmartial artshorse ridingsailingand skate boarding.

It runs for The Federation of Malaya Olympic Council was formed inand received recognition by the IOC in It first participated in the Melbourne Olympic Games. The council was renamed the Olympic Council of Malaysia inand has participated in all but one Olympic games since its inception. The largest number of athletes ever sent to the Olympics was 57 to the Munich Olympic Games.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. See also the geographical region Malesia or the former Federation of Malaysia. Politics of Malaysia trading post newspaper dayton ohio Government of Malaysia.

Censorship in Malaysia and Human rights in Malaysia. States and federal territories of MalaysiaDivisions of Malaysiaand Districts of Malaysia. Johor Darul Takzim Johor Bahru Kedah Darul Aman Alor Setar Kelantan Darul Naim Kota Bharu Melaka Bandaraya Bersejarah Melaka City Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus Seremban Pahang Darul Makmur Kuantan Perak Darul Ridzuan Ipoh Perlis Indera Kayangan Kangar Pulau Pinang Pulau Mutiara George Town Sabah Di Bawah Bayu Kota Kinabalu Sarawak Bumi Kenyalang Kuching Selangor Darul Ehsan Shah Alam Terengganu Darul Earn money from genealogy Kuala Terengganu.

Foreign relations of Option trading books amazon and Malaysian Armed Stock market quantum mechanics. Environmental issues in Malaysia.

Energy policy of Malaysia and List of power stations in Malaysia. Transport in MalaysiaRail transport in Malaysiaand List of airports in Malaysia. North—South ExpresswayKTM ETS Class 91 left and KTM Komuter Class 92 right and the Kuala Lumpur International Airport. Areas with multiple languages. Music of Malaysia and Malaysian literature.

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Retrieved 7 October School of Housing, Building and Planning. Archived from the original on 29 May Malaysian cinema, Asian film: Southeast Asia on a Shoestring. The Garland handbook of Southeast Asian music. Asiapac Books Ptd Ltd. The Music of Malaysia: The Classical, Folk, and Syncretic Traditions. Kites in History, in Teaching and in Therapy. The Encyclopedia of Malaysia. Archived from the original on 6 January Archived from the original on 2 July Changing Chinese foodways in Asia.

The Chinese University of Hong Kong. Archived from the original on 24 June Retrieved 24 June Archived from the original on 22 July Anwar blames Malaysian media".

Retrieved 30 March Archived from the original on 20 October Retrieved 7 May Asian Studies Center — Michigan State University. Retrieved 13 July East Malaysia and Brunei. Kaamatan, Gawai celebrations, time for people to feel thankful for achievements". University of SydneyNew South WalesAustralia. Retrieved 3 October Retrieved 11 June Archived from the original on 7 July Sports Around the World: History, Culture, and Practice. Squash Racquets Association of Malaysia. Archived from the original on 15 October Archived from the original on 3 August Retrieved 20 January The Times of India.

All Formula One Info. Ethnic Groups of South Asia and the Pacific: The Olympic Council of Malaysia. Archived from the original on 7 August Olympic Council of Malaysia.

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